01 - Rinse basmati rice under cold water until water runs clear. Soak for 20 minutes, then drain thoroughly.
02 - Bring 3 cups water and 1 teaspoon salt to a boil in a saucepan. Add rice, simmer uncovered until 70% cooked, approximately 7-8 minutes. Drain and set aside.
03 - Place eggs in cold water, bring to a boil, then simmer for 8 minutes for medium-hard yolks. Cool under running water, peel, and set aside.
04 - Heat oil or ghee in a large heavy-bottomed pan over medium heat. Add cumin seeds, cardamom pods, cloves, cinnamon stick, and bay leaf. Sauté for 1 minute until fragrant.
05 - Add sliced onions and cook until golden brown, about 8-10 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent burning.
06 - Stir in grated ginger, minced garlic, and green chilies. Sauté for 2 minutes until raw aroma dissipates.
07 - Add chopped tomatoes, turmeric, coriander, garam masala, chili powder, and remaining salt. Cook until tomatoes soften and oil begins to separate, approximately 5-7 minutes.
08 - Lower heat and stir in yogurt. Cook for 2 minutes to blend flavors and prevent curdling.
09 - Spread partially cooked rice over tomato-ginger mixture. Gently mix once or twice to create marbled pattern. Nestle peeled eggs into rice. Cover tightly and cook on very low heat for 15 minutes in dum-style.
10 - Remove from heat and let stand covered for 5 minutes. Fluff gently with a fork. Garnish with fresh cilantro, mint, fried onions, and lemon wedges before serving.